Prepared by:
Wan Ahmad Ramzi Bin Wan Yusuf (M031510006)
Introduction of Web technologies
Web technology is the development of mechanisms that allow communication between two or more computers over a network. The technology is used in infrastructure office, at home, in the learning center where several computers and peripheral devices such as printers that are interconnected through a network, this allows fast and easy transmission of information access. To get connected and view the Internet most people use a browser, there are many different browsers such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera, Firefox and others. Kartik Dharuna, in his definition about web technologies, is a package which not only deals with website development and designing but it also covers various field like software development, testing and maintenance of a software, ERP, Database Management, web hosting, security of data, information management, etc [1]. There are many Web technologies from simple to complex, and each describes in detail the characteristics and the web features in term of security, programming language and human computer interaction in aspect. This paper will review web technologies over the browsers in term of three features stated above, Security, Design features and Programming language.
Security Features
People are more oriented to mobile devices
running under very different conditions and various safety features such as URL
filtering, load protection and no trace has changed the mainstream desktop
browsers such as Chrome, IE and Firefox. In a sense all browsers could now
claim to be ‘secure’ browsers. Most of the web developers are now more focused
on the issue of user privacy, it is possible for browser such Chrome, Firefox
or IE, to fine adjustment to a mechanism or system for security and privacy if
that’s important. Browser nowadays has a privacy mode to convince the users but
sometimes doubtful. Below are the six web developers
with pro and cons features .
Browser
|
Features (pro)
|
Features (Cons)
|
1.Epic
|
-Prioritise SSL connection when possible.
-Built in ad blocking.
-One button proxy
|
-Not include malware and
phishing
protection
|
2. Comodo
|
-Incorporates domain filtering system to
limit malware
activities.
-Virtualised mode that isolates from the
host system.
-Provide SiteInspector for URLs filtering.
|
|
3. Tor
|
-antisurveillance buil on of hidden relay service.
-full of privacy potential
-provide do and don’t to user
|
- Will slower the system
|
4. Maxthon
|
-embeds protection from AdBlock Plus
-encryption synchronizes files to cloud service.
|
-unclear features whether has or no protection.
-poor documentation
|
5. Https Everywhere
Chrome,firefox and Opera
|
-
Enforce
SSL where possible
-
Popular
-
Simplify
complex process to much simpler.
-
Worth
to use
|
|
6. Cocoon
|
-Military grade product.
- anti facebook,
-better wifi.
-Encrypted end to end connection.
-special features ‘mailslots’hide the real of
disposable email address.
|
Table 1 : Security features for some
browsers
As a summary, every browser provides
their own protection scheme based on their purposes. Epic’s browser is an
excellence with advertisement blocking and has special features called button
proxy which is used for encryption process that does not slow down the
browsing. Following browser is comodo, the main security features provide by
comodo is incorporating a domain filtering which to limit an exposure to
problem domains of the sort used by malware. Tor is a browser with
anti-surveillance features and simply can installed in various platforms even
on a USB stick. Moreover, it used https
connections similar to other browser such as Chrome, Opera and Firefox. Tor is
suitable for privacy environment and it will slow the system because it demands
to use its full privacy potential. Maxthon Cloud Browser provide encrypted sync
files to cloud services that limits an access for customer data. With an
embedded protection from Adblock Plus and interesting of cloud service, Maxthon
is more secure than other branded browser despite it claimed for poor
documentation and unclear protection features. HTTPS Everywhere, consist of
Chrome, Firefox and Opera are established and popular web browser nowadays.
Enforcing SSL features where possible and simplifying a complex to simpler
process by using https to start out and return back to non-Https page without
realising it. It is a browser plug in based and is worth to have it. Finally, is
Cocoon’s browser. A military grade
product with anti - Facebook tracking, anonymous browsing, better security WIFI
on open hotspot and encrypted end to end connection. Cocoon is a proxy VPN and
it save when using others PCs.
Design
Features
The best browser for
you is could be the browser that you might not think of. Browsers like Chrome, Firefox,
Internet Explorer, Opera or Safari are the option that you have currently. Between
browsers stated above, the tests based on [2] have found significant
differences in the speed and ease of use.
The comparison of each browser uses the system resources also observed
by the author [2].
Choosing the right browser could save you time and frustration.
The tests are using web base tools such as Browsermark,
peacekeeper and Sunspider . Browsermark will gather an information related to
your operating system, browser and layout engine used in your browser such as webkit
consideration which related to design. WebKit is a layout
engine software component for rendering web pages in web
browsers.[4] Peacekeeper is an online speed test mainly using rendering, mathematical and memory
operations[5]. The execution tells results of other browsers with different
CPUs whilst Sunspider is a benchmark suite that aims to measure JavaScript
performance on tasks relevant to the current and near future use of JavaScript
in the real world, such as encryption and text manipulation [5].
Another aspect to be discussed is current trend in
browser design. All attempt to be as minimal as possible, offering next to no
actual text and small, monochromatic buttons that discretely blend
with the aesthetic design of operating systems like Windows 8 and Mac
OS X. Overall, all five browsers appear to achieve their goals fairly well. Below are the features extracted in a form of table as
summarise for each browsers.
No
|
Browser
|
General Features
|
Design Features
|
1
|
Chrome
|
Able to play video in hiding popup mode. It has
Text to speech add on called Speakit! features which is used to proofread an
articles. Chrome also the faster browser for rendering HTML as well as Opera
and ID,
it spawns a number a process that cause lagging
time to shutdown the PCs. Despite it has a small issue aside, but still the
best choose among the users.
|
Chrome has a
lean address bar configuration, simple tab layout and address bar configuration.
Doubles as a search bar Google calls the “Omnibox.” Like most browsers, the
window can get incredibly cramped with 15+ tabs open,
Adjacent to the omnibox is Chrome’s
simple standard navigational features (i.e. back, forward, refresh, home)
by default, otherwise, customization can be done weather to delete any
buttons or re arrange locations.
Chrome’s
single-click bookmarking method, done by simply clicking the star located on
the right side of the address bar, also makes bookmarking your favorite
webpages a breeze and hassle-free experience.[6]
Menu button shows in the form of list of text locate on the right side on top of the browser.
No Home button
|
2
|
Opera
|
Easy installation even slower than chrome, it has
similar webkit engine as chrome and having similar problems in term of
multiple process, moreover Opera lack of home button in design. The result
shows Opera is nearly as fast as chrome.
It also provides Speed Dial features which is great for work off of multiple
sites. Furthermore, Opera is easy to configure.
|
Opera has a
single hybrid address-search bar like Chrome, but the alternative browser
also sports Opera’s
signature features, stash and speed dial.
Speed dial allows for easy bookmarking and functions like “the most visited
page” on Safari.
Stash is similar to Pocket, allowing
you to quickly store pages for future browsing.
The bottom line,
it’s a clean design with innovative features such as speed dial,
bookmark,discover,tabs and history.[6]
Menu button location on the left side on top of the browser.
No Home button
|
3
|
Safari
|
From the author [2] says safari is easy to use
and runs with very low processing overhead compared to others. Moreover, the thrifty use of memory which
is spawns only a single process and requires only small memory to show up the
display, it also popular on platform Mac and Windows. Safari is still
reasonable because it has all features found in the others, instead, it is
still reliable to use.[2]
|
The browser that
has traditionally attracted criticism is now a serious competitor to the
likes of Google and Firefox.
Safari offers the
address-search bar hybrid. Updates to Safari 8 include a share icon embedded
to the right of the search field.
The sharing feature
serves as a way to bookmark pages, post to social networks, and share
via native Apple platforms (iMessage, Mail).
Mac users running
the most recent operating system can even launch the browser in full-screen
mode for the ultimate viewing experience.[6]
No Home
button
Menu button locate on the right side on top of the browser.
|
4
|
Firefox
|
Offers many useful add –on, a long time
competitor for IE and Chrome as well. it has malware attack avoidance
features and most recommended to the users. Despite the Gecko rendering took a bit
memory to process but firefox recently upgraded to overcome the leak memory
problem. Result shows Firefox has better than chrome and Opera in speed test
using Sunspider.
Morever ,Firefox only used 510Mb memory which is
consider less memory used.
|
This browser
features a similar, more useful layout when compared to its competitors,
placing the tab bar above the address bar.
The browser offers
the same kind of single-click bookmarking that Chrome does by click the star
located to the right of the search bar.
The settings menu
is accessible in a similar fashion to that of Google Chrome, allowing
you to access various options by clicking a simple button depicting three
horizontal bars located in the upper-right corner of the window. [6]
Menu button shows in the form of images/icons locate on the right side on top of the browser.
Yes Home
button locate on the right side inline with the search bar.
|
5
|
Internet Explorer
|
Most popular web browser and the most targeted by
the malware. Fast with html, javascript and renders pages reliably. With
active X technology, the capability to integrate functionality into IE with
business site that make IE sometimes easier to use.
IE used only 7 process which is half process taken
compared to chrome and Opera but it using 714Mb of memory which is can cause
slower of performance.
|
Technically, IE 11
is the most minimal Internet device of the four. IE 11 features a single bar
that simultaneously functions as the browser’s address and search bar.
Other notable
design features include the single-click bookmarking star now widely adopted
by almost all other prominent browsers.[6]
Menu button shows in the form of list of text locate on the right side on top of the browser.
Yes Home
button
|
Table 2 : General and Design features for popular
web browsers
Figure 1: Testing
result performance between browsers
The Browsermark
test showed pretty close performance by all products (except IE, which
Browsermark could not run). The results are based on browserwork measurement
tools to test the performance for related browsers.
Based on the author [2], from the
testing that has been doing by Browserwork, Sunspider and peacekeeper; chrome
is leading with 5773 browserwork, time taken 150.4ms to complete sunspider and
scored 5627 on peacekeeper. Opera is fall at second place with score 5625 on browserwork,
5447 in peacekeeper and took 150.1ms on sunspider which is considered faster
compared to others. Third place is for safari with 4831 test by browserwork,
peacekeeper 3062 dan sunspider 179.9ms. Firefox taking 4th place
with score browserwork 4540, 134.4ms to complete sunspider and 3956 in
peacekeeper. Finally Internet Explorer,
the IE could not be testing by browserwork because of some updating reason [2],but
it score 3670 on peacekeeper with 74.1ms to complete sunspider. So far ,IE is
the fastest browser for running
javascript and HTML.
Programming
language
instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can
be used to create programs to control the behavior
of a machine or to express algorithms [8]. Browsers are made up of many components, such as rendering
engines, JavaScript engines, and UI, each of which can be written in different
languages.[7] The most popular browser such as (i.e., the most
visited) websites have in common that they are dynamic websites. Their
development typically involves server side coding, client side coding and database technology. The programming languages
applied to deliver similar dynamic web content however vary vastly between
sites.[9] this section will listed a type of programming language used for some
browsers and popular websites in common.
No
|
Browser
|
Programming Language
|
1
|
Firefox
|
·
PHP/Phyton
·
Rendering engine:
Gecko, C++
·
JavaScript
engine: SpiderMonkey, C
·
UI: Mostly XUL (a
custom XML dialect), CSS, and JavaScript, with some C++.
|
2
|
Chrome
|
·
Rendering engine:
WebCore, C++
·
JavaScript
engine: V8, C++
·
UI: Mostly C++,
though the mac port uses Objective-C, and some features in all platforms use
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
|
3
|
Safari
|
·
Rendering engine:
WebCore, C++ (shared with Chrome)
·
JavaScript
engine: JavaScriptCore, C++
·
UI: Unknown, but
likely Objective-C with some HTML
|
4
|
Internet Explorer
|
All C++
|
5
|
Opera
|
Written in C/ C++
|
Table 3 : programming language used for some browsers
Figure 2: programming language used
for some popular websites in common.
As conclusion, three aspect of
web technologies has been reviewed consist of a few web developers. For
security aspect, various type of web developer is taken from the techworld.com [3]. The purpose is to
differentiate various type of browser in general for security features as many
of popular web browsers such as Chrome, opera and Firefox are similar
approaches. Then for design features aspect, five most popular browsers has
been review their features in term of speed, ease of use (general features) and
design. At the end of design features part are shows testing result of the
performance measure by web tools such as Browserwork, Sunspider and peacekeeper
based on [2]. Finally, programming language aspect which to determine what
programming language used to written and support the web development. Listing
of programming language is given to five most popular browsers and also to
popular websites that actually apply more language for its development.
Reference:
2. [2] Jon L. Jacobi(sept
2014) http://www.pcworld.com/article/2605933/browser-comparison-how-the-five-leaders-stack-up-in-speed-ease-of-use-and-more.html
vs-firefox-vs-safari-vs-edge/#ixzz3rztFwf00
6. [7] Aaron Boodman, https://www.quora.com/What-programming-languages-are-
6. [7] Aaron Boodman, https://www.quora.com/What-programming-languages-are-
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